The Ramparts of Meknes are an iconic feature of the city’s landscape, stretching for miles and providing a powerful reminder of Meknes' imperial past. Built during the reign of Sultan Moulay Ismail in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, these imposing walls were designed to protect the city and its inhabitants from invaders. Today, the ramparts remain a key historical and architectural attraction, symbolizing both the military might and the architectural grandeur that characterized Moulay Ismail’s reign. The construction of the Ramparts of Meknes was part of Sultan Moulay Ismail’s broader efforts to fortify and expand Meknes, transforming it into a grand imperial capital. His vision was to create a city that could rival the great capitals of Europe and withstand any military threats. To achieve this, the sultan ordered the building of extensive walls that would encircle the city and its most important structures, including the Royal Palace, the Meknes Medina, and other key administrative and religious buildings. The ramparts are made of rammed earth, a traditional Moroccan building technique that involves compacting layers of earth, stone, and lime to create thick, durable walls. This construction method not only gave the ramparts their characteristic reddish-brown color but also ensured that they could withstand the test of time. Standing over 15 meters tall in some sections, the walls were designed to be both imposing and impenetrable, providing a strong defensive barrier against potential invaders. One of the most impressive features of the Ramparts of Meknes is their sheer length. The walls extend for more than 40 kilometers, encircling both the old Medina and the newer parts of the city. Throughout the ramparts, visitors will find a series of grand gates, or “babs”, each of which served as a key entry point into the city. Some of the most famous gates include Bab Mansour, Bab El-Khemis, and Bab Berdaine. These gates were not only functional but also highly decorative, showcasing intricate tilework, carvings, and Quranic inscriptions that reflected the artistic and spiritual values of the time. The Ramparts of Meknes also played a crucial role in the city’s water management system. Inside the walls, the city was equipped with a network of aqueducts and reservoirs, such as the Sahrij Swani, which ensured that the city had a steady supply of water even during times of siege. This infrastructure was vital for maintaining the city’s population and supporting the sultan’s large army and stables. As a military fortification, the ramparts were highly effective in protecting Meknes from external threats. Their height, thickness, and strategic placement made them a formidable barrier, while the gates were designed to be heavily guarded and difficult to breach. The ramparts also allowed the sultan to control who entered and exited the city, ensuring that only those with permission could pass through the gates. This level of security was essential for maintaining order in the imperial city and protecting the sultan’s court and government. Today, the Ramparts of Meknes are a popular tourist attraction, offering visitors a chance to explore the city’s rich history and admire its architectural achievements. Walking along the walls or passing through one of the grand gates provides a sense of the city’s scale and the importance of its defensive structures. The ramparts also offer stunning views of Meknes and its surroundings, making them a perfect spot for photography and sightseeing. Many sections of the ramparts have been carefully preserved and restored, ensuring that they remain a central part of Meknes’ cultural heritage. The walls are part of the city’s UNESCO World Heritage designation, which recognizes their historical significance and architectural value. Ongoing preservation efforts have focused on maintaining the structural integrity of the walls and gates, ensuring that future generations can continue to appreciate this monumental achievement. For visitors to Meknes, the Ramparts offer a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience the city as it was during the reign of Sultan Moulay Ismail. Whether you are interested in history, architecture, or simply want to take in the beauty of the city, a visit to the ramparts is an essential part of exploring Meknes. The combination of military strength, architectural elegance, and historical significance makes the Ramparts of Meknes one of the city’s most compelling attractions.